The word comes from the greek pathos suffering, disease and. Osteoarthritis oa is a longterm chronic disease characterized by the deterioration of cartilage in. Osteoarthritis causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment. Rheumatoid arthritis introduction rheumatoid arthritis ra is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease of unknown cause. Osteoarthritis merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering ditemui dalam praktik seharihari. Menerima terapi manual dikombinasi dengan latihan yang. Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of osteomyelitis 5 fig. Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis thermo fisher.
Cell death of chondrocytes is a combination between apoptosis and autophagy during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis within an experimental model. Th e lack of normal disc signal at the circled segment black arrow represents infection. Osteoarthritis sekunder adalah osteoarthritis yang didasari adanya kelainan endokrin, inflamasi, metabolic, pertumbuhan, herediter, jejas mikro dan makro. Risk factors include genetics, female sex, past trauma, advancing age, and. Sports injuries and certain occupations farmers may increase risk of developing osteoarthritis.
The inflammatory process is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells into the joints, leading to proliferation of synoviocytes and destruction of. Clinical and imagenological diagnosis, pathogenic role of the immuno inflammatory response, and. Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis osetoarthritis risk factors. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Osteoarthritis osteoarthritis is a noninflammatory, degenerative condition of joints characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage and formation of new bone i. Review current concepts in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
Van ryssen b, vanbree h, dimoens p 1993 elbow arthroscopy in clinically normal dogs. Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis osetoarthritis risk. It is characterized by persistent inflammation that primarily affects the peripheral joints. Osteoarthritis oa is a complex disease whose pathogenesis includes the contribution of biomechanical and metabolic factors which, altering the tissue homeostasis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, determine the predominance of destructive over productive processes. Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic musculoskeletal disorder. This leads to the hypothesis that osteoarthritis corresponds to a mechanism of bone healing in the wrong place. Joint disorders at merck manual of diagnosis and therapy professional edition. Osteoarthritis includes a slow but efficient repair process that often. There are a variety of factors that play an important role in the pathogenesis of oa, including biomechanical factors, proinflammatory mediators, and proteases. The pathogenesis of oa involves a degradation of cartilage and remodelling of bone due to an active response of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage and the inflammatory cells in the surrounding tissues.
Oarsi guidelines for the nonsurgical management of knee osteoarthritis t. Osteoarthritis oa is a disease that predominantly, but not solely, affects the diarthrodial joints and results from an interaction between a number of complex mechanical and biological processes. Penegakan diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan yang adekuat dapat. The joint usually swells due to synovial fluid collection synovitis may occur in association with arthritis as well as lupus, gout, and other conditions. Osteoarthritis oa is characterized by a degeneration of articular cartilage, in which the breakdown leads to matrix fibrillation, fissure appearance, gross ulceration, and fullthickness loss of the joint surface. Rheumatoid arthritis ra is a chronic symmetric polyarticular joint disease that primarily affects the small joints of the hands and feet. Osteoartritis oa merupakan penyakit sendi degeneratif kronik non. The condition is usually painful, particularly when the joint is moved. Osteoarthritis oa is a disease of high prevalence that produces substantial morbidity and is a leading cause of physical and psychological disability and expense, includ ing time lost from work, medical care, and disability sup port. A variety of traumas may trigger the need for a joint to repair itself. Although the causes of osteoarthritis are diverse, mutations in type ix and xi collagens have been linked to earlyonset osteoarthritis associated with a wide range of. Rheumatoid arthritis gejala, penyebab dan mengobati. Osteoartritis diketahui dialami sepertiga populasi di atas usia 65 tahun dan merupakan.
Di indonesia sendiri kasus osteoarthritis merupakan kasus penyakit reumatik yang paling sering. Mcmaster osteoarthritis index womac merupakan kuesioner spesifik untuk menilai nyeri, kekakuan sendi dan kapasitas fungsi pada pasien. Current understanding of pathogenesis and treatment of tmj osteoarthritis x. Osteoarthritis pathogenesis a complex process that involves the.
Osteoarthritis is a disease in which the articular cartilage degenerates over time, causing pain and inflammation in the affected joint. Osteoarthritis merupakan kelainan sendi degenerasi non inflamasi yang terjadi pada. Risk factors for primary oa include obesity, advancing age, female gender, and manual labour occupations. Osteoarthritis oa is a common debilitating joint disorder, affecting large. Diagnosis dilakukan dengan melakukan anamnesis seksama serta. Rheumatoid arthritis lebih sering diderita oleh wanita, terutama yang berusia antara 40 hingga 60 tahun, dan biasanya terjadi simetris pada sendi. Pdf osteoarthritis is a chronic, inflammatory joint disease in the world. Changes in cartilage metabolism in arthritis are reflected by altered serum and synovial fluid levels of the cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan, implications for pathogenesis. Pathogenesis and clinical management of gouty arthritis. It can be thought of as primarily a degenerative disorder with inflammatory components arising from the biochemical breakdown of articular hyaline.
Osteoarthritis oa of the knee is a major cause of pain and locomotor disability worldwide. It represents a heterogeneous group of conditions resulting in common histopathologic and radiologic changes. Dipercayai bahwa sel t adalah pencetus dalam proses pathogenesis rheumatoid arthritis. Diagnosis banding dari osteoarthritis knee yaitu penyakit sendi peradanga. Jul 06, 2010 research in both mice and humans on the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis oa has begun to coalesce recently. This is accompanied by hypertrophic bone changes with osteophyte formation and subchondral bone plate thickening. Epidemiological studies estimate around 43 million affected patients in the united states alone and about 15% of the world population 1, 2, 3.
Introduction the term osteomyelitis encompasses a broad group of infectious diseases characterized by. Initially, osteoarthritis has been considered to be a disease of articular cartilage, but recent research has indicated that the condition involves the. Uric acid excretion humans lack the enzyme uricase, which degrades uric acid to highly soluble allantoin. Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative disorder of the articular cartilage associated with hypertrophic changes in the bone. Pathogenesis and management of pain in osteoarthritis. Knowing of this complex process of producing osteoarthritis is essential for development of new methods of diagnostic and treatment. Osteoarthritis oa and rheumatoid arthritis ra are two. Osteoarthritis is a common disorder of synovial joints. Osteoarthritis, the most common form of human arthritis, consists of a group of overlapping diseases with different etiologies but similar clinical outcomes. A key role in the pathophysiology of articular cartilage is played by cellextracellular matrix ecm interactions. Osteoarthritis pathogenesis a complex process that. During the last decade, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of oa. The inflammatory process is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells into the joints, leading to proliferation of synoviocytes and destruction of cartilage and bone.
Osteoarthritis is characterised pathologically by localised loss of cartilage, remodelling of adjacent bone and associated inflammation. Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis amy m. In children, bone growth occurs through extension of cartilage at the growth plate combined with conversion of cartilage to bone at the junction point endochondral ossification. In this paper, the important molecular mechanisms related to oa pathogenesis will be summarized and new insights into potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of oa will be provided. Knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of oa has progressed significantly in the past few decades. The conclusion from this observation is that the injury is an inciting event that commences a cascade of changes in the function of the chondrocyte that ultimately leads to its failure and the subsequent development of osteoarthritis. Because the precise molecular mechanisms which are involved in the. Darah tepi hb, leukosit, laju endap darah dalam batas batas normal kecuali osteoarthritis generalisata yang harus dibedakan dengan artritis peradangan imayati, 2012. Kesakitan adalah simptom utama oa, melibatkan keduadua mekanisme. Osteoarthritis oa, the most prevalent chronic joint disease, increases in prevalence with age, and affects majority of individuals over the age of 65 and is a leading musculoskeletal cause of impaired mobility in the elderly. However, the pathogenesis of oa is much more complex than just wear and tear and the term osteoarthritis, where itis is indicative of an inflammatory process, is indeed correct. Full details and instructions for submission can be found here pdf. Lowgrade inflammation as a key mediator of the pathogenesis. Patofisiologi osteoarthritis oa paling sering disebabkan karena penuaan sendi secara fisiologis, sehingga sering kali disebut dengan penyakit sendi degeneratif.
Osteoarthritis is traditionally thought of as a wear and tear disease which occurs as we age. Adanya interaksi antara sel t dan dendritic sel pada kelenjar limfe akan mengaktifasi lebih jauh sel t dan menyebabkan peningkatan populasi sel t dan kemudian akan mengaktifkan sel b. Rheumatoid arthritis gejala, penyebab dan mengobati alodokter. Research in both mice and humans on the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis oa has begun to coalesce recently. In india more than 20% of total population is suffering from arthritis. Until recently, the focus of research into the pathophysiology of oa has been on articular cartilage and has. Osteoarthritis merupakan kelainan pada sendi ditandai dengan. Radang sendi ini menimbulkan keluhan bengkak dan nyeri sendi, serta sendi terasa kaku. Osteoarthritis primer osteoarthritis idiopatik yaitu osteoarthritis yang kausanya tidak diketahui dan tidak ada hubungannya dengan penyakit sistemik maupun perubahan local pada sendi. Osteoarthritis oa in horses is a chronic, degenerative process. In india more than 20% of total population is suffering from arthritis, although the main cause of disease is unknown. The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis sciencedirect.
Affected horses typically have clinical evidence of synovitis, varying degrees of lameness, and progressive loss of joint function. Oct 10, 20 osteoarthritis oa is a complex disease whose pathogenesis includes the contribution of biomechanical and metabolic factors which, altering the tissue homeostasis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, determine the predominance of destructive over productive processes. This article compares the mechanism of secondary bone healing with that of osteoarthritis, and can show clear parallels based on numerous study findings. A key role in the pathophysiology of articular cartilage is played by cell. Osteoartritis adalah penyakit sendi degeneratif yang ditandai dengan kerusakan rawan sendi dan tulang subkondral dan menyebabkan nyeri pada sendi. However despite this, the incidence of osteoarthritis at the affected joint is nevertheless increased. Arthritis affects one in six new zealanders over the age of 15 years. Osteoarthritis merupakan suatu kelainan degerasi sendi yang terjadi. It is characterised pathologically by focal areas of damage to the articular cartilage, centred on loadbearing areas, associated with new bone formation at the joint margins osteophytosis, changes in the subchondral bone, variable degrees of mild synovitis, and thickening of the joint capsule. Kerusakan kartilago adalah proses patognomonikhallmark process yang.
Osteoarthritis oa is degenerative joint disease, which affects millions of people in the world. Patofisiologi osteoarthritis oa paling sering disebabkan karena. Common in weightbearing joints such as hip and knee. Sel t kemudian bermigrasi menuju jaringan synovial, lebih lanjut lagi. The special issue will be guest edited by ewa roos, mayarna risberg and christopher little. Osteoarthritis and cartilage would like to invite contributions to a special issue on oa prevention. Pathophysiology of gout uric acid metabolism4,5 in humans, uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in the liver figure 1. Oarsi guidelines for the nonsurgical management of knee. Molecular pathogenesis of osteoarthritis a series of lunch time seminars sponsored by the biochemical society mayjune 2016. Osteoarthritis can occur at any age, but usually starts after the age of 40. Zhou1,2 abstract osteoarthritis is a common disease that can cause severe pain and dysfunction in any joint, including the temporomandibular joint tmj. The term can also describe the origin and development of the disease, and whether it is acute, chronic, or recurrent. Wasserman, md, boston university school of medicine, boston, massachusetts r. It is a complex disease whose pathogenesis, changes the tissue homeostasis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, determine the predominance of destructive processes.
Western ontario and mcmaster universities osteoarthritis index. The pathogenesis of a disease is the biological mechanism or mechanisms that leads to a diseased state. In conclusion, osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease of whole joint, with a complex pathomechanism involving interaction between the multiple joint tissue. Accordingly, knowledge about the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is important. Osteoarthritis pathogenesis a complex process that involves. Osteoarthritis oa is a chronic degenerative disorder of multifactorial. Osteoarthritis oa is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and. Osteoarthritis oa merupakan jenis gangguan persendian yang paling sering dijumpai cote.
Synovitis is the medical term for inflammation of the synovial membrane. Untuk osteoarthritis, beberapa kajian telah menganalisis ambang kesakitan dan. Mar 15, 2014 in conclusion, osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease of whole joint, with a complex pathomechanism involving interaction between the multiple joint tissue. Jan 01, 2012 osteoarthritis is a common degenerative disorder of the articular cartilage associated with hypertrophic bone changes. Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis osteoarthritis and. Rheumatoid arthritis adalah peradangan sendi akibat sistem kekebalan tubuh yang menyerang jaringannya sendiri. The new england journal of medicine n engl j med 365. Rheumatoid arthritis ra is regarded as a sys temic autoimmune. Faktor resiko faktorfaktor yang telah diteliti sebagai faktor risiko osteoarthritis. Oa pathogenesis, biomarkers and treatment has broadened immensely in recent years. Basic information about osteoarthritis, a common form of arthritis that affects adults. Conroy 2 1university of texas health science centre, san antonio, texas 2harrogate district hospital, north yorkshire 1usa 2uk 1. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of joint disease, affecting more than 20 million individuals in the united states alone see epidemiology. Hip osteoarthritis has a significant genetic component.
It is the leading cause of activity limitation and absenteeism among workingage adults and is associated with a significant decline in function among older individuals. Lameness is the main cause of consultation in the current equine clinic, and osteoarthritis oa represents about 60% of cases. The contribution of the synovium, synovial derived inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Until that update is published, the original recommendations from 2008 on the pharmacological management of osteoarthritis remain current advice.